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exploration of building stone deposits

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Principles of search methods and exploration of building stones

In order to search and explore building stones in an area (for example, at the provincial level) it is necessary to have a complete and accurate knowledge of the stone units in the province in terms of the ability of the stones forming different formations. In most of the provinces of the country, a variety of different sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rock units attributed to different geological periods can be found, the exact geological information of which is included and available in the relevant geological maps and reports.

Building stone quarry exploration

The principles of methods for searching for building stone deposits are as follows:

Using 1: 250,000 geological maps that cover the country and using other available geological information, in each province, taking into account the necessary specifications, formations with suitable rock units for building stones are identified and from these units. At different stages of the formation, visits are made and, if necessary, control and search are performed on the relevant stratigraphic horizon.

The search should be done taking into account the extraction conditions, the possibilities of obtaining and creating the extraction works. Problem mining conditions may also be cost-effective if exceptional decorative stones are expensive.

Familiarity with

The rocky state of the mountain slope, so that smooth surfaces without seams and gaps can be seen on the mountain surface. The presence of large and healthy rocks abandoned at the foot of the mountain and the appearance of color (for example, the whiteness of the mountain) is the first step that such areas should be further explored.

If a stone unit is found to be suitable for building stone in terms of general characteristics, it should be visited in different sections and parts of the area and blocks without surface materials with a suitable topographic slope and location and mineral should be selected for further study.

The mineral block or blocks in question should be inspected more closely and evaluated for micro-tectonic condition, presence of joints and cracks, separation, extraction conditions and facilities for construction of mining works and access facilities. A relatively large and portable rock is among the parts. An abandoned stone should be selected at the foot of the mountain and transported to a stonecutter to prepare experimental plaques. The desired piece of stone to cut the appearance of the stone in different sections, the ability to cut and wear and resistance in different directions and cut by considering the experience of the stone cutter to be examined. - If the initial studies confirm the suitability of the desired rock, the extraction of several copies is done experimentally in consultation with a stone extraction master and using the mineral facilities of the nearest active mining workshops in the province and transport the copps to quarrying for experimental tests. Preparation of standard plates, examination of the polished surface of the stone in terms of beauty and pricing and marketing can clarify the problems and characteristics of extraction and preparation of coupe at the desired age. In addition, in this regard, the technical conditions of cutting and preparing the license plate are determined and all the necessary information is obtained.

A visit of an expert and experienced miner to the desired mineral block to confirm the work and plan the continuation of exploration operations can be useful in preventing incomplete work and avoiding extra work and unnecessary costs and basically doing the work properly and in principle. In the meantime, geological information of the region is one of the important parameters in the continuation of work.

Persian Silk Bayat Mine

Mineral geology information necessary to investigate the possibilities of exploitation of building stone reserves It is necessary to conduct mineral geological studies on mineral blocks of building stone to the required extent and to avoid additional work. In this regard, the work steps are suggested as follows. Preparation of large-scale topographic map from the range of expansion of the desired mineral block with a scale of 1: 1000 or 1: 2000. Preparation of mineral geological map with the same scale as the above topographic map. Preparation of mineral geological profiles, In transverse and longitudinal directions to show the geological position of the mineral block in the third dimension and to show the conditions of block extraction.

Preparation of one or more test couplings by cutting and barking from different parts of the mineral, preparation of standard plates from the desired block and evaluation of plates in terms of shape and beauty, marketing and pricing, investigation of problems of extraction, cutting and wear of the product.

Measurement of compressive strength in several indicator samples of different types of rock (resistance higher than 400 kg is sufficient).

Performing X-ray mineralogical analysis in several prominent samples to investigate the presence of clay minerals and quartz in limestones and alteration products in igneous rocks.

Preparation of several thin sections of prominent mineral block samples to investigate the effect of alteration on rock.

Perform stock determination calculations to identify usable tonnage.

Determining the extraction method taking into account mineral geological information, extraction conditions and available facilities.

Provide extraction plan and technical and economic studies. - Presenting the final report.

In addition to the above steps in the search for and exploration of building stones, it should be noted that the origin of decorative stones may be directly related to tectonic factors. Travertine, marble and onyx rocks are formed in the direction of faults and in volcanic areas. Atmospheric waters penetrate to the depths in the direction of joints and faults and are accompanied by global warming and mineral gases and reach the surface. The rocks are generally compacted over time due to tectonic factors and their quality improves. Porcelain, crystal and marble are crystallized limestones that have been transformed under high pressure and heat. These rocks are mostly spread in metamorphic areas. Also, in the continuation of the search, at the same time as digging the trench, fresh and weatherless samples are prepared for physical and mechanical tests, including wet and dry compressive strength, porosity, specific gravity, hardness, volumetric weight, etc.

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