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Types of giant road construction machines

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1: Tractors and bulldozers

Tractor is the most important road construction and construction machinery that has many applications. The primary purpose of the tractor is to advance or pull various loads. On the tractor can be installed all kinds of mechanical equipment. In addition, they use other tractors, such as pulling scraper wagons, etc.

Tractors are powered by diesel engines, which are usually turbocharged, and are available in standard and automatic gears. Also, they are controlled by hydraulic control and automatic gears. Tractors are of general types of sprockets and rubber wheels.

Application of bulldozers has many uses, including the following:

1- Leveling the land and clearing it of shrubs and tree stumps

2- Creating primary roads in the mountains and lands of Lakhi

3- Moving the soil mass in the form of compression in large volumes

4- Help pushing scrapers

5- Spreading soil in embankments

6- Stacking soil along the created streams

7- Repairing and cleaning the remnants of construction operations

8- Maintenance of temporary dirt roads

9- Cleaning the pits of the mine floor

Types of tractors

A- Chain wheel tractors

There are different types of sprocket tractors. These tractors are usually classified according to size, weight and power. The tensile strength of the road surface on which they work is limited. The presence of chains allows the tractor to operate in areas with low compressive strength and adequate tensile strength.

B- Rubber wheel tractor

Rubber wheel tractor is made to have a faster speed in pulling and pushing scrapers and the like. This type of machine is available in two types of two-wheelers and four-wheelers. However, the vulnerability of the tires of these machines when working in areas with sharp stones that cause the tire to be cut restricts its use in this type of ground.

2- Excavators

Excavators are one of the first modern construction machines used in earthworks. Excavators are mainly used for digging in soil and loading it with trucks or trailers or conveyor belts.

Excavators consist of three main parts: chariot - the part of the revolving chamber on the chariot and the attachment part in front of the car.

The chassis provides a stable and reliable sprocket for the upper rotating chamber and provides excellent mobility at the excavation site. Also, due to the wide surface of the wheels, it creates low pressure on the soil, which allows use on loose soils in cases where there is more friction. If there is a need and there is a problem of slippage, the role of chains in the car is important. Instead, such shovels have a low speed. Movable self that is commanded from the cabin and another type that is installed in the back of the truck and it is called a truck. The speed of the first type reaches 50 and the speed of the second type reaches 80 kilometers per hour.

Types of excavators:

A. Excavator with reverse cup

This shovel is given several names such as: tilted shovel - shovel behind the bend and tensile shovel.

These shovels are available in two types, mechanical and hydraulic, and are suitable for drilling.

B- Excavator with cable system

This excavator is a rotating chamber mounted on wheels and attached to the front end of the excavator. These shovels are available in two types, mechanical and hydraulic.

C- Traction shovel (Dragline)

Dragline traction shovel consists of a control room - crane - traction shovel cup and the necessary cables to control different parts. Traction shovel is able to be at much higher levels and much lower than its level of support and is used in a variety of terrains. Its long arm is useful for drilling and unloading excavated materials and short working cycle time is one of the advantages of this machine.

D- derrick

A crane consists of a control room with a long mesh beam and the heart of a crane and is usually used to tie heavy objects and move them. By connecting different devices to the end of the crane long lattice beam, other uses can be made. Cranes are also of two types, mechanical and hydraulic, which are more hydraulic today.

3- Scraper

Scraper is a machine that loads, carries and unloads soil materials at medium and long distances alone. Scraper is composed of three main parts: loading part (cup) The replacement is in the lower part. This blade penetrates into the soil during loading and guides it into the cup by cutting the soil. This part is movable and can be moved up and down. In scrapers with lifts, the upper part replaces the front wall of the cup.

Types of scrapers

Scrapers are divided into two types with and without motors. Today, the non-motor type is less commonly used. This means that a single-axle tractor pulls a single-axis scraper. Two-axle scrapers are pulled by chained tractors because such tractors cannot withstand vertical loads so they cannot break uniaxial scrapers. They are drawn and subdivided into types

1- Two-axle single engine

2- Three axes

3- Two differentials

4- Two-motor scrapers (TANDEM-POWERED)

5- Scrapers with lift (ELEVATING)

6- Push-pull (PUSH-PULL)

Two-axle single-engine scrapers use an axial tractor, and due to the balance problem, this tractor is not able to move without a related scraper. Three-axle scrapers are pulled by a tractor. It is a cup and helps in digging and moving the excavated materials into the cup. In this type of scrapers, due to the power that it gives to the script, an auxiliary tractor is not needed for loading.

4- Loaders

Without exaggeration, the loader is the most practical machine in construction and civil works. This machine, which is made in different dimensions, can do many things due to its high performance and flexibility, and also by changing the cup.

Loaders have many uses, some of which include creating embankments, digging basements, filling ditches and embankments around pipes installed in canals, loading trucks, transporting concrete to the site of formwork, and raising and carrying construction materials.

A variety of accessories can be installed on the loader machine and other applications can be taken from it, such as snow removal, canal pipe, pipe, pipe crane, lift truck

Types of loaders - rubber wheel loaders

These loaders are made in very small small sizes. Large rubber wheels give this type of loaders a lot of mobility and speed. The pressure on the ground by these tires is low and this pressure can be changed by changing the tire pressure. It is also difficult to operate the rubber wheel loader. Of course, there are special wire chains to protect the tires, which can be used to increase the friction of the tires with the ground.

The type of backbreaker that is mostly used in large loaders and has a type of chassis that connects the rear of the loader to the front by a joint. Electric is used for comfort and better driver performance. The steering system of these machines is of two types.

B - Chain wheel loaders

Sprocket wheel loaders act like rubber wheel loaders, except that the low pressure they exert on the ground allows chain wheel loaders to operate in areas that are not suitable for rubber loaders. And because they have a chain, there is no risk of tire tearing when working in areas with sharp stones. Chained loaders are able to move on 35% lateral surfaces, while this figure is 15% for rubber wheel loaders. It is possible that the speed of the chained loader is much lower than that of the rubber loader.

G- BackHoe

These machines are actually small loaders that have an excavator behind them and are used for light work. All their general specifications are like loaders and mechanical shovels. Be

As mentioned, there is a shovel in the part of this machine. The power of this shovel also varies according to its angle and the radius of operation of the arms.

5- Trucks

Although tools such as scrapers, conveyor belts and trains are used to transport soil materials, the most common means of transporting soil materials are trucks. They are because some of them that are used in a project can be increased or decreased in order to adjust the required capacity.

A - Ordinary trucks

These trucks are made in one type, one for road movement and the other for off-road movement (HIGHWAY & OFF HIGHWAY TRUCKS). Off-road trucks can be built in large dimensions with a capacity of several hundred tons. Transportation of materials has a lot of flexibility and especially the type of road Rowan can move with great ease in different projects.

B- Back-breaking trucks

As the name of this type of truck is clear Azdvqsmt made the Mvtvrvqsmt tank by a joint are connected indeed trucks catastrophic trailers for transport of dust by Traktvrya truck Traktvrkshydh. This unit is only for earth materials are designed material handling Unloaded either from the back or from the floor of the car or from the sides. Some of these trucks have a longitudinal discharge channel that is mostly used to create embankments. More than normal trucks on off-road bumps.

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